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Electro- and Photoluminescence analysis

Detection of luminescence signals from wafer, solar cells and solar panels have become major techniques for characterization and quality inspection. They are applied for silicon based solar detectors as well as for thin film and organic devices. Two methods are applied: Electroluminescence (EL) and Photoluminescence (PL)
 
Hamamatsu is offering  complete luminescence analysis systems as well as individual cameras for luminescence imaging.

Luminescence Analysis system

(for further information please click here)

About Electroluminescence technique
When applying a forward biased voltage to a photovoltaic device or illuminating it with light, a weak amount of light can be detected, which originates from light emitted by minority carrier recombination. The amount of the light can be quantitatively analyzed to characterize carrier lifetime and sheet resistance. The spatial distribution indicates defects (such as micro-cracks), material inhomogeinities, delaminations and many other phenomena which are all relevant for the quality of photovoltaic detectors. The recombination radiation is typically centered in the near infrared wavelength region. In case of silicon materials it is centered at 1100 nm.
When applying a reversed bias voltage to a photovoltaic device, weak light signals can be detetected even below its break down voltage level caused by defects (e.g. shunts) of a solar device.
 
About Photoluminescence technique
When light is shining on a semiconductor (excitation),  a photoluminescence signal is generated (emission). By spectrally separating the excitation and emission signal and imaging the luminescence signal by a sensitive camera, characterisation and defect analysis of raw bulk material, wafers in process, finished cells is possible.
Cell efficiency, material properties, process failures or cracks can be analyzed.
 
Cameras for luminescence analysis 
For these applications highly sensitive cameras are required. In order to meet the varying demands of cell and panel inspection in quality assurance as well as in basic research, a broad line of products is offered. All cameras are optimized towards high sensitivity in the near infrared range.
 

Part number
 
Name of product
 
Min
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Max
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Shutter
 
Horiz. pixels
 
Vertical pixels
 
Frame Rate
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Noise
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Full well capacity
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External control
 
C10633     Near Infrared Camera 320 256
C10600-10B ORCA-R2    1k x 1k, 28 MHz digital CCD camera, cooled 300 1050 No 1344 1024 Max. with binning, sub-array: 115.1 6 (normal scan) or 10 (fast scan) High dynamic range OFF: 18000 12 or 16 IIDC 1394-Based Digital Camera Specification Ver. 1.3.1
C9100-14 (ImageM-1K)             ImageM-1K logo

The ImagEM-1K is a brand new member of the C9100 camera series. Combining our decades of experience with high vacuum technology and all the latest advances in CCD circuit design this new camera offers application independent imaging. From the very brightest high dynamic range applications to single photon imaging over long integrations, this camera provides images with the very best signal to noise ratios. The key to this versatility is the E2V CCD97 CCD and Hamamatsu creative engineering. New methods for driving this well known CCD offer special modes of operation for fast, low noise operation and special patent pending synchronization with spinning disk confocal and multi-point confocal microscopes.

With both on-chip multiplication and normal CCD readout amplifiers, a choice of readout speeds is included to match the signal to noise requirements of the application. New on-board signal processing features provide a choice of real time frame averaging, background subtraction with offset and shading correction. Unmatched cooling and cooling stability provided the very best in quantitative data collection even at high frame rates.

And now the new ImagEM-1K offers a high resolution format of 1024 x 1024 pixels and 13 mm pixels for high N.A. imaging.

350 1050 Normal CCD mode: 2.75 MHz, 0.69 Fastest in EM-CCD mode (with binning and subarray) 9.5fps to 231 0.01 Air / Water No /assets/img/products/SD/BioImg/Imagemccd/c9300-13-photo-lg.jpg
C9100-13            

The ImagEM Enhanced is a brand new member of the C9100 camera series. Combining our decades of experience with high vacuum technology and all the latest advances in CCD circuit design this new camera offers application independent imaging. From the very brightest high dynamic range applications to single photon imaging over long integrations, this camera provides images with the very best signal to noise ratios. The key to this versatility is the E2V CCD97 CCD and Hamamatsu creative engineering. New methods for driving this well known CCD offer special modes of operation for fast, low noise operation and special patent pending synchronization with spinning disk confocal and multi-point confocal microscopes.

With both on-chip multiplication and normal CCD readout amplifiers, a choice of readout speeds is included to match the signal to noise requirements of the application. New on-board signal processing features provide a choice of real time frame averaging, background subtraction with offset and shading correction. Unmatched cooling and cooling stability provided the very best in quantitative data collection even at high frame rates. For all your applications, ImagEM Enhanced.

Read the EM-CCD Technical Note (PDF, 20 pages, 876 KB).
See the overview Digital CCD Cameras for Microscopy (PDF, 8 pages, 438 KB).

More Information on the ImagEM CCD series of cameras

350 1050 Normal CCD mode: 2.75 MHz, 0.69 Fastest in EM-CCD mode (with binning and subarray) 31.9 fps to 404 0.01 Air / Water No /assets/img/products/SD/BioImg/Imagemccd/c9300-13-photo-lg.jpg
C8800-21C   1k x 1k. 30Hz. Digital CCD Camera, cooled 400 1050 No 1000 1000 159 with binning 25 23 12 Camera Link
C8484-05G02 (Orca-05G)   Digital CCD Camera, cooled 300 980 electronic shutter 1344 1024 43 with binning 6 15 12 IEEE 1394
C8484-03G02 (Orca-03G)            

The C8484-03G02 (Orca-03) is a cooled high-resolution digital camera using a progressive scan interline CCD chip with no mechanical shutter. In addition to a high resolution of 1.37 million pixels, a wide dynamic range of 12 bit digital output and high sensitivity in the VIS-NIR region offers a wide application range down to low light level imaging.

See the overview Digital CCD Cameras for Microscopy (PDF, 8 pages, 438 KB).

300 1050 43 with binning 0.01 peltier cooling high gain. low gain /assets/img/products/SD/Cameras/HighRes/photo/big/c8484-0305g02photobig.jpg
Part number
Name of product
Min
Max
Shutter
Horiz. pixels
Vertical pixels
Frame Rate
Read
Noise
Full well capacity
A/D converter
External control
 
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